Stem-cell Approach Shows Promise for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Monday, 14 January 2013
Researchers have shown that transplanting stem cells derived from normal mouse blood vessels into the hearts of mice that model the pathology associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) prevents the decrease in heart function associated with DMD.
 |
University of Illinois comparative
biosciences
professor Suzanne Berry-Miller, veterinary
clinical medicine professor Robert O’Brien
and their
colleagues developed a method
that enhanced cardiac function
in a mouse
model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Credit: L.
Brian Stauffer.
|
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the gene for dystrophin, a protein that anchors muscle cells in place when they contract. Without dystrophin, muscle contractions tear cell membranes, leading to cell death. The lost muscle cells must be regenerated, but in time, scar tissue replaces the muscle cells, causing the muscle weakness and heart problems typical of DMD.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that DMD affects one in every 3,500 males. The disease is more prevalent in males because the dystrophin mutation occurs on the X chromosome; males have one X and one Y chromosome, so a male with this mutation will have DMD, while females have two X chromosomes and must have the mutation on both of them to have the disease. Females with the mutation in one X chromosome sometimes develop muscle weakness and heart problems as well, and may pass the mutation on to their children.
Although medical advances have extended the lifespans of DMD patients from their teens or 20s into their early 30s, disease-related damage to the heart and diaphragm still limits their lifespan.
"Almost 100 percent of patients develop dilated cardiomyopathy," in which a weakened heart with enlarged chambers prevents blood from being properly pumped throughout the body, said University of Illinois comparative biosciences professor Suzanne Berry-Miller, who led the study.
"Right now, doctors are treating the symptoms of this heart problem by giving patients drugs to try to prolong heart function, but that can't replace the lost or damaged cells," she said.
 |
Treatment with stem cells derived from
blood vessels spurred nestin-positive
stem cells
already present in the heart
to form new cardiac muscle cells
(see
arrows). Credit: Suzanne
Berry-Miller.
|
This stem cell therapy prevented or delayed heart problems in mice that did not already show signs of the functional or structural defects typical of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the researchers report.
Berry-Miller and her colleagues do not yet know why the functional benefits occur, but proposed three potential mechanisms. They observed that some of the injected stem cells became new heart muscle cells that expressed the lacking dystrophin protein. The treatment also caused existing stem cells in the heart to divide and become new heart muscle cells, and the stem cells stimulated new blood vessel formation in the heart. It is not yet clear which of these effects is responsible for delaying the onset of cardiomyopathy, Berry-Miller said.
"These vessel-derived cells might be good candidates for therapy, but the more important thing is the results give us new potential therapeutic targets to study, which may be activated directly without the use of cells that are injected into the patient, such as the ADM in the current study," Berry-Miller said.
"Activating stem cells that are already present in the body to repair tissue would avoid the potential requirement to find a match between donors and recipients and potential rejection of the stem cells by the patients."
 |
After injecting dystrophin-deficient
mouse hearts
with normal, blood-vessel-derived stem
cells,
researchers saw an increase in cell
division among
nestin-positive stem cells (shown in
green) in the heart.
These stem cells are found in the
hearts of adult
humans, rats, and mice, but their
function is not yet
known. An increase in formation of new
heart muscle
cells from the nestin-positive stem
cells was also
detected. Credit: Suzanne
Berry-Miller.
|
This difference may occur, Berry-Miller said, as a result of stem cells landing in a pocket of fibrosis rather than in muscle tissue. The stem cells may then become fibroblasts that generate more connective tissue, increasing the amount of scarring and making heart function worse. This shows that the timing of stem cell insertion plays a crucial role in an increase in heart function in mice lacking the dystrophin protein.
She remains optimistic that these results provide a stepping-stone toward new clinical targets for human DMD patients.
"This is the only study so far where a functional benefit has been observed from stem cells in the dystrophin-deficient heart, or where endogenous stem cells in the heart have been observed to produce new muscle cells that replace those lost in DMD, so I think it opens up a new area to focus on in pre-clinical studies for DMD," Berry-Miller said.
Contact: Diana Yates
Reference:
Injection of vessel derived stem cells-prevent dilated cardiomyopathy and promote angiogenesis and endogenous cardiac stem cell proliferation in mdx/utrn-/-but not aged mdx mouse models for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Ju Lan Chun, Robert O'Brien, Min Ho Song, Blake F. Wondrasch and Suzanne E. Berry
Stem Cells Trans Med, December 27, 2012, doi:10.5966/sctm.2012-0107
.........
For more on stem cells and cloning, go to CellNEWS at
Posts
No comments:
Post a Comment